Which two engineers created integrated circuits?

The correct answer identifies Robert Noyce and Jack Kilby as the pioneers of integrated circuit technology. Noyce, who co-founded Intel, was instrumental in the development of the planar process, which allowed for the miniaturization of electronic components on a single chip. Kilby, working at Texas Instruments, created the first working prototype of an integrated circuit in 1958, demonstrating how multiple electronic components could be fabricated onto a single piece of semiconductor material.

The significance of their contributions lies in how integrated circuits revolutionized electronics, paving the way for modern computers, smartphones, and countless other devices. Their collaboration and individual innovations laid the foundational principles for semiconductor technology that continue to be used today.

The other options represent influential figures in technology and computing but do not pertain specifically to the invention of integrated circuits. While Bardeen and Shockley made advances in transistor technology, which is crucial for integrated circuits, they did not directly create integrated circuits themselves. Turing and Babbage were pioneers in computational theory and design but predate integrated circuits. Jobs and Wozniak were instrumental in personal computing but focused on different innovations, such as the development of the Apple I and II computers, rather than the integrated circuit itself.