Which term refers to the variables in programming that can be modified after their declaration?

The term that refers to variables in programming that can be modified after their declaration is mutable variables. Mutable variables allow for their values to be changed throughout the program's execution. This characteristic is essential in many programming scenarios where the data needs to be updated, such as in loops or functions that modify the state of an application.

Understanding mutable variables is crucial for managing state in a program and enables developers to build dynamic systems where values can evolve based on user input or other factors. In contrast, constant variables are fixed and cannot be changed once assigned, while global variables can be accessed from different parts of the program but may or may not be mutable. Static variables retain their value between function calls but are still based on their declaration context and aren't inherently mutable. Thus, mutable variables are the correct choice because they explicitly allow modifications after being defined.