Which software is responsible for managing hardware and providing basic functions of a computer?

The operating system is fundamental as it acts as an intermediary between the user applications and the computer hardware. It manages hardware resources such as the CPU, memory, storage devices, and input/output devices. The operating system not only facilitates user interaction with the hardware but also oversees essential tasks like file management, process scheduling, and resource allocation.

Application software, on the other hand, is designed to perform specific tasks for users, such as word processing or web browsing, but it relies on the operating system to access the hardware. Utility software refers to programs that perform maintenance tasks for the computer, such as antivirus software or disk management tools, while firmware is specialized software programmed into hardware components that provide low-level control, but still depends on the operating system for broader management and functionality. Thus, the operating system is the key software component responsible for managing hardware and offering the basic functions that enable a computer to operate effectively.