Where is the system software typically located?

System software is typically found in ROM, which stands for Read-Only Memory. ROM is a type of non-volatile memory that is used to store firmware or software that is closely tied to the hardware. This software is essential for booting up the computer and managing hardware components effectively. Since ROM retains its contents even when the power is turned off, it is ideal for storing the system software, ensuring that the operating system and essential instructions required for hardware initialization are always available immediately after the device is powered on.

While other storage options like RAM, cache memory, and hard disk drives serve important functions in a computer's architecture, they are used differently. RAM (Random Access Memory) is volatile and is used for temporary data storage while a computer is running, meaning it loses its contents when the power is turned off. Cache memory provides very fast access to frequently accessed data but does not typically store system software permanently. A hard disk drive is used for long-term data storage and can hold system software, but it is not as crucial for booting processes as ROM, since system software must be immediately accessible at startup. This distinction is why ROM is the correct answer for where system software is typically located.