What does ROM stand for?

The correct choice is that ROM stands for Read Only Memory. This type of memory is designed to store permanent data or instructions that do not need to change frequently. It is primarily used to hold firmware, which is essential software that provides the low-level control for a device's specific hardware. Since the data in ROM is not meant to be written or modified during normal operation, it remains intact even when the device is powered off. This makes ROM crucial for booting up devices and retrieving system instructions that allow the hardware to function correctly.

The other options describe terms that do not accurately represent ROM's function or characteristics. For instance, "Random output memory" and "Rapid operational memory" do not correspond to any standard memory types in computing. "Read active memory" also does not reflect the correct functionality or permanence of ROM. The focus on "Read Only" highlights that this memory type is primarily for reading data, emphasizing its stability and reliability in retaining critical information.