What does multitasking in programming refer to?

Multitasking in programming refers to the capability to execute multiple activities simultaneously. This is a crucial aspect of modern computing, allowing a computer system to manage multiple tasks at the same time, improving efficiency and responsiveness. In this context, multitasking can also involve processes that may not necessarily be executed at exactly the same moment but are managed in a way that provides the illusion of simultaneous execution, often through rapid switching between tasks by the operating system.

For instance, while one program is waiting for user input, another can be processing data or performing calculations. This efficient use of resources maximizes performance and allows for a better user experience, as users can interact with multiple applications concurrently without noticeable lag. The focus on carrying out various functions simultaneously illustrates the essence of multitasking in a programming environment.