Using an integrated circuit, what type of computer could be as powerful as one weighing 30 pounds made of transistors?

The reasoning behind selecting a microprocessor as the correct answer stems from the incredible advancements in technology that have allowed for significant increases in processing power within a remarkably compact size. Microprocessors are essentially the brains of computers, integrating millions of transistors into a small chip, which enables them to perform complex computations and tasks that once required much bulkier equipment.

In contrast to the weighty computers made of discrete transistors—like those weighing 30 pounds—modern microprocessors can deliver comparable or superior performance due to their high miniaturization and efficiency. As technology has progressed, microprocessors have evolved to incorporate more functionalities, leading to powerful computing capabilities that were not achievable in smaller, earlier systems.

Other options, like desktop computers, supercomputers, and mainframe computers, represent different categories of computing systems, often incorporating multiple microprocessors or other components to achieve their respective performance levels. They are typically larger and designed for different types of workloads or environments. The microprocessor stands out as the component that combines high power with minimal size, particularly in its ability to rival the capabilities of older, heavier systems.